Albert Einstein refused surgery before his death because he believed that it would be pointless and futile. Einstein was suffering from an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is a bulge in the wall of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. This condition can be life-threatening if the aneurysm ruptures, causing internal bleeding.

Einstein's doctors recommended surgery to repair the aneurysm, but he refused. He believed that the risks of surgery outweighed the benefits, and that it would not prolong his life significantly. He also did not want to undergo the stress and discomfort of surgery, preferring to spend his remaining time in peace and quiet.

Einstein's decision was not unusual for someone of his age and stature. He was 76 years old at the time and had already lived a long and productive life. He had made significant contributions to science and had become one of the most famous and respected figures of his time. He had also been in poor health for several years, suffering from various ailments such as heart problems and digestive issues.

Einstein's refusal of surgery was also consistent with his philosophical views on life and death. He believed that death was a natural and inevitable part of life, and that it should be accepted with grace and dignity. He once said, "I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly."

In the end, Einstein died on April 18, 1955, from internal bleeding caused by the rupture of his aortic aneurysm. His decision not to undergo surgery may have shortened his life, but it was also a reflection of his values and beliefs. He lived and died on his own terms, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire and influence people around the world.