Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws are designed to gradually introduce young and novice drivers to the road, allowing them to gain experience in a controlled manner before obtaining full driving privileges. Different states in the US have varying approaches to GDL laws, with each state implementing its own set of restrictions and requirements.

For example, in California, the GDL program includes a provisional licensing stage that restricts drivers under the age of 18 from driving between 11 pm and 5 am, and from transporting passengers under the age of 20 unless accompanied by a licensed driver age 25 or older. On the other hand, in New York, the GDL program also includes a junior license phase with similar nighttime driving and passenger restrictions, but it also requires drivers to complete a pre-licensing course and a supervised driving period.

When comparing these approaches to GDL laws, it's important to consider the impact on reducing teen driver crashes and fatalities. Research studies such as the one conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) have shown that states with comprehensive GDL programs have experienced significant reductions in teen crash rates.

By examining the specific components and outcomes of GDL laws in different states, researchers and policymakers can gain valuable insights into the most effective strategies for improving teen driver safety and reducing road accidents.