Altitude training can have significant effects on the physiology of athletes, leading to adaptations that can enhance performance at sea level. When athletes train at high altitudes, where the oxygen levels are lower, their bodies respond by increasing the production of red blood cells to improve oxygen-carrying capacity. This adaptation can lead to improved endurance and overall athletic performance.

For example, endurance athletes like marathon runners and cyclists often use altitude training to stimulate the production of red blood cells, which can give them a competitive edge when competing at sea level.

References:

• Chapman, R. F., & Levine, B. D. (2019). Altitude training for sea-level competition. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 123(4), 522-530.
• Wilber, R. L. (2007). Application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(9), 1610-1624.