In the story, a disciple asks Buddha about the nature of pain and emotions. Buddha explains using the analogy of two arrows: the first arrow represents unavoidable pain, while the second arrow symbolizes the additional suffering we inflict on ourselves through our reactions. He teaches that while pain is inevitable, we can lessen our suffering by managing our emotional responses with mindfulness and acceptance. By observing our pain without reacting with anger or attachment, we can reduce additional suffering and find inner peace. The story emphasizes that our reactions to pain often determine the depth of our suffering.