The 20th century witnessed the rise of several notorious criminals who left a lasting impact on society through their heinous acts. Here are five of the most infamous criminals of the 20th century, along with examples and references to support their notoriety:

 1. Adolf Hitler:
 Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945, is widely regarded as one of the most evil figures in history. His policies led to the Holocaust, resulting in the genocide of approximately six million Jews and millions of others. Hitler's aggressive expansionist policies triggered World War II, causing the deaths of tens of millions of people. His actions and ideology have left an indelible mark on the world.

 Reference: Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, 1889-1936: Hubris. Penguin, 1999.

 2. Joseph Stalin:
 Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, was responsible for the deaths of millions of people. His policies included forced collectivization, which led to widespread famine and the deaths of millions during the Ukrainian Holodomor. Stalin's purges and political repression resulted in the execution or imprisonment of millions of Soviet citizens.

 Reference: Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. Vintage, 2005.

 3. Osama bin Laden:
 Osama bin Laden, the founder of the extremist group al-Qaeda, orchestrated the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. These attacks resulted in the deaths of nearly 3,000 people and caused significant economic and psychological damage. Bin Laden's influence and radical ideology inspired numerous other acts of terrorism around the world.

 Reference: Bergen, Peter L. The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader. Free Press, 2006.

 4. Charles Manson:
 Charles Manson was the leader of a cult known as the Manson Family in the late 1960s. He orchestrated a series of brutal murders, including the infamous Tate-LaBianca murders in 1969. Manson's followers carried out these killings under his influence, leaving a trail of fear and shock across society. Manson's crimes and his ability to manipulate vulnerable individuals have made him one of the most notorious criminals of the 20th century.

 Reference: Bugliosi, Vincent, and Curt Gentry. Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders. W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.

 5. Ted Bundy:
 Ted Bundy was a serial killer who operated in the 1970s. He confessed to murdering at least 30 young women and girls, although the actual number of his victims is believed to be much higher. Bundy's charm and intelligence allowed him to lure his victims, making him one of the most notorious and chilling figures in criminal history.

 Reference: Rule, Ann. The Stranger Beside Me. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.

 These examples represent just a fraction of the notorious criminals who impacted the 20th century. Each of them left a dark legacy, reminding us of the depths of human depravity and the importance of learning from history to prevent similar atrocities in the future.